Alfred Binet
He was commissioned by the Paris school system to come up with a way to sort out the children based on intellectual development. He and his student, Theodore Simon, came up with a way and termed it the 1905 Scale. They got together 50 students who were said to have average abilities. This was considered the mental age (MA). Then in 1914, William Stern came up with the mental quotient by dividing the mental age by the chronological age (MA/CA). Lewis Terman came up with the intelligence quotient (IQ) by (MA/CA) x 100. That would land the child in a percentile.
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